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Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Education Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paulo Freire Essay

The process of moving toward and creating a more just and humane would have to begin with education. However, it also seems that creating a just future would also necessitate the creation of many different systems of government throughout the world. If just one system existed, anyone who would not choose that system for themselves may begin to feel or actually be oppressed for a lack of conformity. Furthermore, some people just have such vastly different ideas of ‘just’ and ‘justice’ that they cannot be combined into one system. Thus, through a sort of dialogical education system, people can discover which system they most support and why before choosing where to live. Theorists, like Iris Marion Young, want political systems to accept†¦show more content†¦The original Social Contract tradition has had many authors, but for the purposes of this paper I will focus on John Locke’s work as one political system that might be used by a nation and the problems it entails that would have to be discussed for modern uses. Locke begins by describing a state of nature that entails equality and a state of perfect freedom for mankind to live as they want within the laws of nature (Locke 2009, 370). Locke’s work argues for his view of property, where a man has the right to the fruits of his labor but not to another man’s (Locke 2009, 372). In his view, the government is meant to prevent on man from seeking punishment that is unfit for the committed crime and that people join together for protection for themselves and their property (Locke 2009, 371-372). He argues also that no one man should be in charge and that a democracy should be used instead (Locke 2009, 371). The major problem associated with Locke’s account of a just system is the qualifications for citizenship. From his time period it would likely exclude everyone who was not a white, land owning male. For people who would like to use his idea of a polit ical system today, they would need to include everyone in the democracy, no matter their race or economic status, as it has been legally adopted in many countries today. Furthermore, people would need to contend with the premise of Natural Law as defined byShow MoreRelatedPaulo Freire: Pedagogue Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, many men and women have made important contributions to the world of education. Amongst these is the Brazilian scholar Paulo Freire, whose influences on the world have been both broad and deep. A true believer in Marxist theory, his central ideas regarding education revolve around the concept that the experience and learning process of education are more important than the facts or concepts that are being taught. Consequently, traditional teaching methods (known as Banking)Read MoreThe Liberal Education And Education Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pagessubject and teacher s methods of education decide which method students will receive. Howe ver, the student does not have a choice to choose education which they will get. While students receive an education in a variety of ways, they find the most effective method of education for themselves. Which lead numerous opinions and debate with the different methods of education. Although there are advantages and disadvantages of each method, people conclude the liberal education is the most efficient way toRead MorePedagogy Of The Oppressed By Paulo Freire930 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Pedagogy of the Oppressed,† Paulo Freire tells of the complex relationships that contrast narrative versus instructive teachers and compliant versus existentially aware students, in regards to the various methods of instructing and acquiring knowledge. Although this reading is only a particular excerpt from Chapter 2 of Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Freire does an exceptional job by capturing the immense reality of certain educational methods. He explains the â€Å"banking† system of teaching, whichRead MoreFreire, The, And Psychology Of Language1517 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Paulo Freire was born in Recife, Brazil in 1921. He became familiar with grief, suffering; poverty, and hunger during the Great Depression. His social life consisted of playing stickball or a pickup game of football with less privileged children. He learned a lot from those childhood experiences, which later contributed to his overwhelming concern for the less privileged. As a result, Freire constructed an educational viewpoint, which focused on aiding the illiterate. EducationalRead MoreCesar Freire s Pedagogy Of The Oppressed1084 Words   |  5 PagesPaulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed presents two distinct educational methods and asserts that problem-posing education, rather than the banking method, is what is necessary for humanity. This particular excerpt of Pedagogy of the Oppressed encapsulates a vast scope of education. It begins with an exposition, revealing what exactly banking method is, followed by the explanation of problem-posing education. Throughout the duration of the chapter, Freire passionately presents his ideals aboutRead MoreCritical Pedagogy And The Reggio Emilia1533 Words   |  7 PagesCritical pedagogy and The Reggio Emilia approach on play based learning should be merged into early childhood education as obtaining the skills to critically analyze and problem solve has the potential to change society and thus the potential to change the world. It is important individuals become aware of what critical pedagogy is. Critical pedagogy stems from the idea that there is an unequal social structure in our society which is based upon class, race and gender. It has been formulated andRead MoreCompare and Contrast1054 Words   |  5 PagesIMImportant Scholars of Education: The Work of Paulo Freire and William W. Brickman Alana L. Jackson Northcentral University Author Note Alana L. Jackson, Department of Education, Northcentral University Abstract This article discusses the contributions of the amazing scholars Paul Freire and William W. B. Brickman and how their theories on education impacted their philosophies on improving education in their time. Friere believed the, â€Å"Banking† concept of education was the best theory toRead MorePedagogy Of The Oppressed, Joel Spring And Jane Martin s The Educated Person Perspectives1044 Words   |  5 PagesEducation is referred as the profusion of knowledge that is acquired by an individual when or after studying specific subject matters or having an experience in life lessons that provides and understanding of a certain concept. It requires instructions from composed literature or an individual. Most familiar forms of education result from several years of schooling that integrates studies of various subjects. Education provides learners with knowledge about the globe. It enables the learners to acquireRead MoreBanking Concept of Education Essay685 Words   |  3 PagesBanki ng Concept of Education Philosopher and educator Paulo Freire once said, â€Å"Education either functions as an instrument which is used to facilitate integration of the younger generation into the logic of the present system and bring about conformity or it becomes the practice of freedom, the means by which men and women deal critically and creatively with reality and discover how to participate in the transformation of their world.† In Freire’s work of â€Å"the Banking Concept of Concept†, he describesRead MoreShould The Current Education System Be Abolished? Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent education system be abolished? That is what some philosophers and journalist are trying to answer. Over time, new systems of teaching students have developed. Primarily in college freshman English classes, students and teachers are discovering that there are more complex ways of learning. These methods of teaching and learning are known as pedagogies. The word pedagogy is referred to as t he conduct that deals with the theory of education and what is the best way to teach. Pedagogies are supposed

Monday, December 16, 2019

School Crime And Violence Free Essays

Crime and violence in schools are issues that are of significant public concern, especially after the series of tragic school shootings recently. The schools have exercised care in making the students safe but many schools are now facing serious problems so that effective strategies can be devised to prevent school violence and increase school safety. (Small and Tetrick). We will write a custom essay sample on School Crime And Violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now The terms â€Å"school violence† and â€Å"school safety,† are still terms that need to be commonly defined. The authors maintain that â€Å"Multiple approaches can prove beneficial as each discipline brings to bear the full force of its knowledge and experience, but they complicate the task of summarizing the state of school violence. For instance, should school violence be considered a subset of youth violence? †(Small and Tetrick). Most of the violence in schools are involved in gangs. A gang is a group of people who form an allegiance for a common purpose and engage in unlawful or criminal activity. Gangs give members companionship, guidance, excitement and identity. When a member needs something, the others come to the rescue and provide protection. Gangs members have significantly lower levels of self-esteem compared to their non-gang peers. They also could name fewer adult role models than did their non-gang ,peers. It is no doubt that America has become a violent society. Television programs alone show gruesome murders and violence as if they are normal incidences in our lives. It is said that children learn to imitate the violence that they see on television. These take root in a lot of issues, foremost of which is on gun control. The positive effects of the strict enforcement of gun laws are readily seen. The Brady Campaign, for example believes that â€Å"background checks nationwide stopped over 600,000 felons and other prohibited purchasers from buying handguns from federally licensed firearm dealers. † Some say this is one big reason why there is a need to advocate gun control. Once people realize that there is a direct correlation between the increases in violence as correlated with gun possession, they would also be against gun violence in society. However, opinions are at odds with regards to the issue of gun control. Remarkably, both advocates and opponents of gun control policies in the United States use statistics to back up their stance. The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that: According to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), in 2003, 449,150 victims of violent crimes stated that they faced an offender with a firearm. Incidents involving a firearm represented 7% of the 4. 9 million violent crimes of rape and sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated and simple assault. The FBI’s Crime in the United States estimated that 67% of the 16,503 murders in 2003 were committed with firearms. â€Å"Gun Control vs. Gun Rights). Advocates of gun control directly use statistics such as this to assert that the increase in violence is positively correlated with gun possession. Organizations such as the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) and other proponents of gun rights oppose such view. Alexander, for one, insists that such arguments contradict factual studies. He contradicts the correlation, saying that â€Å"cities with the most restrictive gun laws, like Washington, D. C. , and Atlanta, Georgia, in fact, have the highest murder rates in the nation. At the center of the gun control issue is the Second Amendment to the Constitution: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed. † Arguments usually focus on the interpretation of the law. The Second Amendment is the main banner of gun rights activists. Gun control advocates, on the other hand, feel that gun control opponents misinterpret the law when they assume that it means absolute right to ownership of guns by private individuals (Krouse). They assert that the Second Amendment only refers to gun ownership in situation of â€Å"militia† and not for general purposes. Gun control supporters feel that gun possession by just anybody is a contributing cause of increased incidence of crimes in the United States. In Guns and Terror, Berger and Henigan present studies to support their statement that â€Å"Gun shows are a breeding ground for gun sales to terrorist [and that] nothing in federal law prevents terrorists from quickly amassing arsenals of weapons† (4). Opponents to the gun control movement also believe that there is not enough factual evidence to the other side’s claim that banning the sale of some kinds of guns result to lower crime rates (â€Å"Gun Control vs. Gun Rights†). Alexander accuses gun control groups of ‘demagogue-ing’ the issue and maintains that the root of the problem is culture, and not the gun. He even notes that â€Å"many of the problems in question are the result of Leftist doctrines. † The Brady Campaign believes that stricter rules on gun ownership will result in communities with minimal crimes since they correlate guns with most crimes committed. Proponents of gun control also base this belief on what they see as positive effects of enforcement of gun laws. The Brady Campaign, for example believes that â€Å"background checks nationwide stopped over 600,000 felons and other prohibited purchasers from buying handguns from federally licensed firearm dealers. † Gun rights proponents maintain that stricter rules could actually cause crime rates to rise as criminals only tend to go places with stricter gun rules. Alexander quotes Thomas Sowell as saying, â€Å"Most criminals aren’t that stupid; they tend to go where the guns aren’t. †(Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence). Proponents of gun control continue to push for the passage of new laws and/or amendments to existing laws to restrict gun ownership. For one, they are lobbying for legislation covering what they refer to as loopholes, specifically in issues such as juvenile access to firearms, and sales at gun shows and through the Internet (Brady Campaign). Opponents are also continuing efforts to gather support to counter the move of gun control advocates. The NRA is drawing support through massive information drive advocating Second Amendment rights and the protection of Americans’ hunting heritage. The NRA also performs studies and surveys contradicting the position of gun control supporters. In their survey on what Americans think of Right-to-Carry laws, results show that 79% of the voters stood in favor of such laws (National Rifle Association of America). The Brady Campaign notes, â€Å"according to an analysis of the FBI Uniform Crime Report, the percentage of violent crimes committed with firearms has declined dramatically after the Brady Law went into effect. † Supporters of gun control assert the need for more restrictions in gun ownership, especially in the federal level. They call for stricter background checks for people who intend to purchase licensed firearms. Gun rights supporters do not see additional laws and amendments to laws as a solution to increase in crime rates. Alexander writes, â€Å"Gun restrictions have not protected citizens in Atlanta, Washington, D. C. , New York or Boston, much less anyone in Columbine or Red Lake. Nor did such laws protect Jews from Hitler or Stalin or Chinese peasants from Mao, etc. , ad infinitum. † Alexander also advises politicians and gun controllers alike to look at the cultural aspects of the problem and not the instruments. The National Rifle Association of America has opposed every effort by gun control advocates, specially the Brady Campaign group, which they think will encroach on their rights under the Second Amendment. They maintain that gun ownership is their constitutional right and should not be limited to recreational purposes only. The NRA, in fact, is supporting enactment of laws involving Self-Defense and â€Å"freedom† to carry guns (Alexander, Mark 2005). Indeed, the right of law-abiding citizens to carry concealed firearms for purpose of self-defense has become a hot and controversial topic and one that will continue to be so for a long time. Schools need to protect the children from these gun-toting individuals and avoid another Columbine or Virginia Tech incident. How to cite School Crime And Violence, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

The Acquisition Experiences of Kazoil-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Analyse the Case Study "The Acquisition Experiences of Kazoil. Answer: Background to the Problem Post-Soviet era in Central Eurasian countries in 1980 various countries were under political and social turmoil. High amounts of uncertainty prevailed in each of the countries that are a direct consequences of power vacuum. Various population from Kazakhstan left the country and some immigrants came in, the population gradually stabilized with Kazakh and Russian being the official language in the country with people from 120 nationalities(Chen, 2009). Kazakhstan rich in oil and mineral deposits majority of its investments took place in the sector, amongst which a leading company was Kazoil. Though there were multiple opportunities for exploring natural resources in the country there were challenges in regards to poor corporate governance systems, unstable economic environment, lack of transparency in tax and legal systems, weak infrastructure, crime and corruption, government intervention and high bureaucracy. KazOil being located in Kyzyl-Orda was one of the highest contributor of e mployment and development in the local community with Kazakh Ministry of Energy having control over it till 1996. The Company had highly central system of working, outdated business processes and technologies with high respect, authority amongst employees, there was communication challenges between members of the organization, with decisions being in top down approach amongst other challenges. There have been two acquisitions of the Company post the countrys transition from Soviet era. Initially it was sold for USD 120 to Hydrocarbons Ltd. a Canadian Company and in second time the Company sold it to China Petrol in 2005 for USD 4.2 billion. The scope of this report identifies possible causes leading to such repeated sale(Truss, 2012).In the initial phases of sale of KazOil to Hydrocarbons Ltd the Company flourished with rise in production capacities. There was increase in reserves with obtaining of exploration license. However, there was a drop in oil prices in Kazakh market that le d to unviability of exports associated with economic unviability(Young, 2009). The Company aimed to stabilize situation by having export contract with Russia and China. The background of the problem was associated with its external environment as it had stable internal policy. In the contract undertaking had aimed to maintain Kazakh staff for a period of 3 years with focus on cost reductions and redundancy of capital expenditure. the Company offered training to employees and also provided safety measures. The Canadian company offered training in English for employees as well as for their relatives and family members(Becker, 2006). They had open lines of communications, there was a positive spirit associated of employees with that of the Company. The Company had even taken steps to replace expatriate managers by locals such that they could get more confidence and support from employee level. The Company provided a motivated environment to work for with less accidents and a conducive spirit to work for the organization. There were several operational difficulties as well as market volatility Hydrocarbons remained optimistic regarding the Company until it decided to sell the business. With the second acquisition taking place of China Petrol there were a large number of challenges with the Company. As China Petrol entered agreement to construct Sino-Kazakhstan oil pipeline of 3,000 kilometers there were various changes brought about in the Company. China Petrol had transferred 30 managers of the Company and introduced a Chinese team for operations. The Company received resignation of over half of the employees from KazOil(Alvesson, 2009). While Canadian owners had a Westernized style of management with open interaction styles and communication with less intervention, Chinese counterparts shared values similar to those of Soviet structures. the Chinese viewed the Company to be nothing more than a profitable Western unit owning a large number of oil fields and did not view employees as a valuable part. Critical Statement by Parties Analyzing and drawing from various instances of the case pertaining to KAzOil, it can be said that Canadian Company did not at first impend their norms on the existing Company(Klaus, 2014). They took time to adapt to cultures of the country trained and bridged cultural gap with that of employees. Their procedure was seen as a positive approach by the employees as they stood to gain immensely. They also enhanced safety for employees of the organization. The expatriate managers were replaced by local employees hence generating more opportunities for locals. As the Company commented and was agreed by locals that in spite of operational and other challenges they intended to create a positive impact on employees, their family and relatives as well as the community in which they did business(Allen, 2007). The Chinese Company on the other hand replaced local managers with Chinese officials creating an ambience of mistrust. Employees stood to lose at the point when Chinese overtook the organization to undertake its operations. Though Chinese officials commented that they created more insurance and work atmosphere for employees, employees were adverse to the ideas. Employees viewed Chinese organization as to be overpowering them and diluting their opportunities and they felt as functional operators for the Company as against being a part of the same(Armstrong, 2014). Analysis While multiple countries faced challenges as in regards to which model they should adapt, Westernized society of free market, open economy or prevail with traditional systems, Kazakhstan decided to go for Westernized structure. Post Kazakhstan opening up of its market there were a number of FDIs that took place from Canada, USA, UK along with Asian countries as Indonesia, China, Japan and so on. There were a large number of operational challenges along with other inherent challenges of Kazakhstan that employees were not ready to face up to for the organization(Wright, 2009). With broken and non-existent lines of communication between employees and senior managers there are bound to be challenges impended upon the organization. While Canadian Company was handling internal issues and operational challenges well yet due to fall in prices they sold off the Company. Chinese Company after taking over applied various changed procedures and aspects that were difficult to ascertain resulting in high dissatisfaction and low morality amongst employees(Anderson, 2010). Action Plan Chinese in order to motivate employees and regain current foothold needs to adopt proper change management procedure. Chinese companys HR need to intermingle and understand the needs of employees as well as their expectations(Turner Parish, 2008). As employees were accustom to Canadian and Westernized ways of employee handling procedure they were currently against traditional methods. Remuneration based on performance, participation in decision making, both way communication, motivational practices are some steps that they can include as action plan to overcome current situation. Initially in the addressing of employees Chinese managers need to address the employees with dignity and self-respect with identifying their critical roles in the Company(Jimmieson, 2008). Recommendations While KazOil is facing immense number of challenges in regards to attrition rates and employee dissatisfaction, following are some recommendations given in order to overcome the same.. Recommendation 1: Chinese company counterparts needed to mix with Kazakh employees. As Kazakh employees have relatively less trusts and reliance on their Chinese owners this has resulted in high attrition rates and their feeling not being a part of the Company. Recommendation 2: Chinese Company senior stakeholders needs to engage in geocentric approach while handling their Kazakh employees. As they have adopted a bureaucratic approach and the employees have acclimatized with Canadian styles hence a more Westernized approach will yield higher and better results for the Company. Recommendation 3:The Company stakeholders needs to deploy employee engagement practices that can yield results better. such practices will help yield motivation and diverting employees attention to Companys present issues and challenges. Recommendation 4:While operating in an international ambience where there are a large number of FDIs taking place, the company need to adopt more professional approach. The Company can adopt a more centralized decision making approach that can yield higher levels of productivity amongst employees. Evaluation While the Chinese had adopted a more authentic approach and an employee management that are more traditional to Kazakhstan those were not yielding results. The Chinese managers and senior members of the organization had failed to implement and instruct employees such that they can be motivated. Hence, the traditional Chinese measures to function the organization was not effective as it was not fruitful in productivity and in reaching of Company goals and motivational levels. Employees could not take part in decision making process and there were no contribution made by the Company towards individualistic attitudes of employees. Thus, employees could not understand or make any connection with the Company. With lack of opportunities in the present Company head hunters were seeking opportunities to transfer a large number of capable employees to other companies. Thus, from the analysis of the case study and its perspectives it can be evaluated that Canadian Company was extremely success ful in handling of the process of change whereas Chinese Company were equally unsuccessful in carrying over the transition phase. While employees found suitability in Canadian Company, which took opportunities to acclimatize to the culture of the organization prevailing at that time in KazOil, Chinese Company did the reverse. The Chinese Company brought about traditional Asian culture where employees had less role to play in decision making process and there would be more bureaucratic top-down approach in handling employees. Reference Lists Allen, J. J. 2007. Uncertainty during organizational change: Managing perceptions through communication. Journal of change management, 187-210. Alvesson, M. 2009. Critical perspectives on strategic HRM. The Routledge companion to strategic human resource management, 52-67. Anderson, D. a. 2010. Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley Sons. Armstrong, M. a. 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Becker, B. E. 2006. Strategic human resources management: where do we go from here?. . Journal of management, 898-925. Chen, C. J. 2009. Strategic human resource practices and innovation performanceThe mediating role of knowledge management capacity. Journal of business research, 104-114. Jimmieson, N. L. 2008. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior to inform change management: An investigation of employee intentions to support organizational change. . The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 237-262. Klaus, C. 2014. Change Management. . Grundlagen und Erfolgsfaktoren. Truss, C. M. 2012. Strategic human resource management. London: Oxford University Press. Turner Parish, J. C. 2008. Want to, need to, ought to: employee commitment to organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 32-52. Wright, . V. 2009. Multilevel issues in IHRM: mean differences, explained variance, and moderated relationships. Handbook of international human resource management, 12(1), 29-40. Young, M. 2009. A meta model of change. . Journal of Organizational Change Management, 524-548.